Explain the role of a reactor coolant system.

The role of a reactor coolant system is fundamental to the safe and efficient operation of a nuclear reactor. Its primary function is to circulate a coolant fluid that absorbs heat generated from the nuclear fission reactions occurring in the reactor core. This heat is critical because the reactor core generates substantial amounts of thermal energy, which must be effectively managed to prevent overheating and potential safety hazards.

Once the coolant absorbs this heat, it transfers it to either a steam generator or directly to a turbine in some reactor designs. In a steam generator, the heat is used to convert water into steam, which then drives the turbine to generate electricity. The continuous flow of coolant ensures that the reactor core remains at a stable temperature, allowing the nuclear reaction to be controlled safely while maximizing energy production.

Thus, the role of the reactor coolant system encompasses both thermal management and the conversion of nuclear energy into usable energy, making it an essential component of nuclear power plants.