What is a significant disadvantage cited against the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel?

The reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel involves separating usable materials, such as plutonium and uranium, from the waste products. A significant disadvantage associated with this process is that it generates additional waste and leads to the accumulation of plutonium stockpiles. The reprocessing process creates both high-level waste and intermediate-level waste, which require careful handling, storage, and long-term disposal strategies.

Additionally, the separation of plutonium raises proliferation concerns since plutonium can potentially be used in nuclear weapons. This adds a layer of complexity to nuclear governance and international relations, as it poses a risk of diverting material for non-peaceful uses.

In contrast to this, reprocessing is often argued to be economically favorable or to result in lower environmental impacts, but these claims heavily depend on various factors, including technology, regulatory frameworks, and waste management strategies, which may not always hold true. Thus, the accumulation of plutonium and the generation of additional waste make this a significant disadvantage of the reprocessing approach in the nuclear fuel cycle.