What is the primary goal of a fuel cycle in nuclear reactors?

The primary goal of a fuel cycle in nuclear reactors is to maintain a balance between neutron generation and losses. This balance is crucial because it directly impacts the reactor's ability to achieve and sustain a controlled fission reaction. A well-balanced fuel cycle ensures that the number of neutrons produced from fission events is sufficient to continue the chain reaction by promoting further fission, while also accounting for losses due to neutron leakage and absorption by non-fissionable materials.

In achieving this balance, the design and management of the fuel cycle involve careful consideration of fuel composition, enrichment levels, and operational strategies. The efficiency of the fuel cycle determines the reactor's overall performance, including its energy output and fuel utilization efficiency, which are critical for economic and operational viability.

While minimizing reactor shutdowns, maximizing fuel usage, and ensuring safety regulations are important operational considerations, they are secondary to the fundamental requirement of maintaining the appropriate neutron economy within the reactor core. The ability to effectively manage and optimize the neutron balance is what enables a reactor to function properly and safely over its operational lifespan.