Which of the following are typical safety mechanisms found in nuclear power plants?

Emergency core cooling systems are critical safety mechanisms in nuclear power plants designed to prevent catastrophic failures during emergencies, such as loss-of-coolant accidents. In the event of an unexpected drop in coolant levels or a failure of the main cooling system, these systems provide an emergency backup by rapidly injecting water or other coolants to maintain the core temperature within safe limits. The ability to quickly cool the reactor core is essential to prevent overheating, fuel damage, and the potential release of radioactive materials.

This safety feature is part of a broader strategy encompassing various systems and protocols that work together to enhance the safety of nuclear reactors and protect both the plant workers and the surrounding environment. Other options listed may have important roles in plant operation or management but do not directly serve as safety mechanisms specifically designed to prevent core overheating or reactor integrity loss in emergency situations.